How Does Pregnancy Impact Your Dental Health? A Closer Look at the Unknown Effects

Pregnancy fills your calendar with many, many recommended healthcare visits. Given all those
appointments, oral health may tend to slip through the cracks. However, ensuring good oral health during pregnancy is crucial not only for the mother’s well-being but also for the baby’s health.
Expecting mothers often wonder, “Is dental care necessary during pregnancy?” Let’s delve into
this crucial topic to provide you with a comprehensive guide on maintaining good oral health
for both you and your baby during this special time.

How Can Pregnancy Cause Dental Issues?

1. The role of hormones in dental health

Pregnancy brings about hormonal changes that can significantly impact your oral health. These
changes may increase the risk of developing gum disease, cavities, and other dental issues.
Elevated levels of these pregnancy hormones affect your gums, making them more prone to
inflammation and infection. The condition known as “pregnancy gingivitis” is a common
occurrence, characterized by red, swollen, and tender gums. Without proper care and
attention, gingivitis can progress to a more serious form of gum disease, posing risks not only to
the mother’s oral health but also to the overall health of the pregnancy.
Additionally, Elevated hormone levels tend to affect the bacterial balance in the mouth, making
pregnant women more prone to tooth decay. Harmful bacteria known to cause tooth decay
thrive in the mouth during pregnancy. This partly explains why pregnant women tend to suffer
from tooth decay more often during pregnancy than other times.

2. Dietary considerations during pregnancy

A balanced diet is essential for the health of both mother and baby during pregnancy. However,
certain dietary habits can inadvertently promote dental cavities. Cravings for sugary snacks or
frequent snacking between meals can expose teeth to prolonged periods of acid attacks,
increasing the risk of cavities.

3. Morning Sickness and Dental Health

Morning sickness is a common occurrence during pregnancy, affecting many expectant
mothers. The acidity of vomit can erode tooth enamel if not properly managed. Rinsing with
water or a fluoride mouthwash after vomiting can help neutralize acid and protect the teeth
from damage.

4. Heightened gag reflex during pregnancy

Expectant mothers might gag at the taste of toothpaste or be too tired and overwhelmed to
worry about their teeth. The gag reflex and nausea that come with morning sickness can also
make you less likely to brush your teeth well, adding to the potential for decay.
There are several things an expectant mother can do, such as switching to non-flavoured
toothpaste, using a softer brush, and changing your oral hygiene schedule.

Impact on the Baby’s Oral Health

The impact of pregnancy on dental health does not stop at the mother; it can also influence
both general and oral health of the unborn child.
Poor oral hygiene in expectant mothers has been linked to premature birth, low birth weight,
and an increased risk of cavities in the baby later on. Practicing good oral care habits during
pregnancy is, therefore, crucial for both maternal and infant well-being.

Maintaining Optimal Oral Health during Pregnancy

So, what can expecting mothers do to safeguard their dental health during pregnancy? Here are
some essential tips to consider:

Oral hygiene during pregnancy

The keys to good oral health are the same whether you’re pregnant or not. Keep brushing your
teeth at least twice a day with toothpaste and continue to floss. If you use mouthwash, look for
an alcohol-free product. Shop for bland-tasting toothpaste if flavoured varieties seem to jumpstart morning sickness. If you do vomit, rinsing with a simple mix of water and baking soda
or a fluoride mouthwash can help protect your teeth.

Regular Dental Check-ups

The benefits of seeing a dentist during pregnancy far outweigh any potential risks. That’s true
whether you’re talking about basic tooth cleaning, having a cavity filled or more involved dental
work.
If you need considerable dental work and are experiencing morning sickness, talk to your
dentist about the timing. It’s probably best to do it in the second or third trimester when you
aren’t experiencing as much nausea, vomiting or gag reflex.

Healthy Diet Choices

Always opt for nutritious foods rich in essential vitamins and minerals to support both you and
your baby's dental health. A healthy, balanced pregnancy diet that includes tooth-friendly
vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, protein and vitamins A, C and D are
always recommended.

Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water helps wash away food particles and bacteria, reducing the risk of
cavities and gum disease.
Pregnancy is undoubtedly a time filled with joy and anticipation, but it also comes with a host
of responsibilities, including taking care of oneself and the precious life developing within. One
crucial aspect that often gets overlooked during pregnancy is dental care. Taking care of your
oral health is not only safe but also essential for both the mother and the baby's well-being.
Keep brushing and flossing your teeth and DO NOT CANCEL your regular visit for a dental exam.
If your gums suddenly get more sensitive or start to bleed, talk to your dentist about getting
checked for gingivitis.

Dr. Sibuti Riro is a consultant Periodontist at Supreme Smiles Avenue Dental Center located in Kilimani along Tigoni Road directly opposite Naivas Kilimani entrance. He can be reached on 0721568972.